Objective: To compare therapeutic effects and complications oftbe two surgical methods; clear cornea incision and INFERIOR APPROACH cataract surgery in eyes with functional filtering bleb. Materials and Methods: In this study 38 eyes from 31 patients were categorized into two groups each containing 19 eyes. We assessed age, sex, type of glaucoma, interval between the two operations, duration of follow up , usage of antifibrotic agent, the number of medications, visual acuity, posterior synechia formation, astigmatism, cup/disc ratio, bleb condition before and after surgery, and also intraoperative and postoperative complications. Student T-test was used to compare the results between the two groups. Results: After 22.21±14 months of follow up in the clear cornea group and 19.17±15 months of follow up in the INFERIOR APPROACH group, we found that intraocur arpressure raised from10.9±5.3 to 14.9±5.6mmHg in clear cornea group and from 11.9+3.4 to 14.7+3.3mmHg in INFERIOR APPROACH group (p< 0.02). The number of medications raised from 0.4±0.8 to 1.1±1.1 in clear cornea group (P<0.003) and from 0.3 ±0.7 to 1.0±0.9 in INFERIOR APPROACH group (P<0.005). Duration of the follow up, interval between the two groups, and amount of astigmatism, were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between two methods of cataract surgery regarding intraocular pressure control, number of used medications, and induced astigmatism.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological APPROACH.

Artifacts are ubiquitous and influential in our world, but their nature and existence are controversial. Several theories have been proposed to explain the ontology of artifacts. Drawing on Popper's theory of three worlds, this paper suggests a metaphysics for artifacts along the line of a critical rationalist (CR) APPROACH. This theory distinguishes between three realms of reality: the physical world (World 1), the mental world (World 2), and the world of objective knowledge (World 3). The paper argues that artifacts have different ontological components that correspond to these three realms, and that each component is real and causal. The paper shows how this perspective can account for the intentional and functional aspects of artifacts, as well as their dependence on plans that influence different realms of reality. The paper explains how this pluralistic ontology, compared to the rival theories, enables one to explain the relevant ontological problems of artifacts. The paper also explores how this proposal can lead to a research program encompassing a broader range of technologies, such as social artifacts. In sum, the paper suggests that Popper's three worlds theory provides a rich and comprehensive framework for understanding the metaphysics of artifacts.

Objectives: To report the outcome of subciliary APPROACH for INFERIOR orbital rim fractures in a series of Iranian patients.Methods: This was prospective cross-sectional, being performed during a 12-month period during 2013 in plastic surgery department of Emamreza Hospital of Mashhad. We included 12 patients with traumatic INFERIOR orbital rim fractures who underwent surgical repair through subciliary APPROACH. All the patients were followed for 12 months and were evaluated regarding paresthesia and function as well as presence of a visible scar and lower-eyelid malposition.Results: There were 9 (75.0%) men and 3 (25.0%) women among the patients with mean age of 26.3±10.6 (range 16-48) years. Of the 12 patients treated with the subciliary APPROACH, 4 (33.3%) experienced complications. One (8.3%) patient showed 1.5 mm sclera at the end of one year follow-up. No ectropion or entropion was reported in our series. In contrast to 3 (25.0%) cases of lower lid visible scar, there was no occurrence of hypertrophic scar.Conclusion: It would be expected that the transorbital APPROACH as it offers good visualization of anterior fractures would result in good outcomes in cases of orbital rim and floor fracture.

The problem of personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological APPROACH and physiological APPROACH to the problem of personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative APPROACH— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic APPROACH to the problem of personal identity.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are among the primary concerns in internet security today. Machine learning can be exploited to detect such attacks. In this paper, a multi-layer perceptron model is proposed and implemented using deep machine learning to distinguish between malicious and normal traffic based on their behavioral patterns. The proposed model is trained and tested using the CICDDoS2019 dataset. To remove irrelevant and redundant data from the dataset and increase learning accuracy, feature selection is used to select and extract the most effective features that allow us to detect these attacks. Moreover, we use the grid search algorithm to acquire optimum values of the model’s hyperparameters among the parameters’ space. In addition, the sensitivity of accuracy of the model to variations of an input parameter is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented model is validated in comparison with some state-of-the-art works.

Purpose: To determine the effect of recession and myectomy on INFERIOR oblique overaction (IOOA).Method: This study was performed on 50 patients (82 eyes) scheduled for IOOA surgery who were randomly divided into two groups: recession (R) versus myectomy (M). A complete eye examination was performed before the operation. 10 was cut off at its INFERIOR temporal region when using M procedure. In the other group (R) after disinsertion, the 10 muscle was sutured to 2mm lateral and 3.5 to 4mm posterior to the insertion of the INFERIOR rectus. After at least 3 months, the same examinations were repeated. Successful surgery was defined as IOOA£+1.Results: Twenty-five men (50%) and 25 women with the mean age of 12.3±5.9 (range 3-32) years entered the study. The surgery was performed in 18 patients unilaterally and in 32 patients bilaterally. Both myectomy and recession methods were successful in reducing IOOA (PM<0.001, PR<0.001).The amount of IOOA reduction was 2.37 in the M group and 1.92 in the R group which was not significantly different (P=0.097, using Mann-Whitney test); however, ordinal logistic regression showed a difference (P=0.016). We found primary IOOA without superior oblique under action (SODA) in 28 eyes in the M group and in 32 eyes in the R group. Secondary IOOA with superior oblique underaction (SODA) was found in 14 eyes in the M and in 8 eyes in the R group, respectively. In patients with more initial 100A, the outcomes of both methods were better compared to patients with less initial overaction. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative function of 10 between these two methods of surgery (P=0.051). Both methods resulted in equal improvements in SODA and V-pattern. Complications included new hypertropia (2%), new DVD (dissociated vertical deviation) (8%) and asymmetry (2%).Conclusion: Both recession and myectomy have significant weakening effect on IOOA. Myectomy results in more normal function of IOOA but IOOA is also higher with this method. Both methods are more effective if the initial overaction is higher.

This article introduces, analyzes, and criticizes the work of Lawrence M. Hinman, Ethics: A Pluralistic APPROACH to Moral Theory. Hinman is a Philosopher of Ethics in the multimedia learning. He believes that multiculturalism is important factor of nowadays so the most important responsibility of philosophers of Ethics is prevention of moral conflict. The global communication and information in 21st century needs global tolerance and respect of various nations, cultures, and moralities together because different people and societies have a common human nature and common natural rights that obligate to justice and moral relationship between different people and various societies’ beliefs throughout the world. Moral communication in multiculturalism APPROACH is against racial, gender, national, and ethnic prejudice. Hinman believes in moral dialogue and global learning across different cultures. The book of Ethics: A Pluralistic APPROACH to Moral Theory has a proper category of new ethical problems, and the candid standpoint of author is considerable. He has a logical method, and in the end of every part of book there are some questions for evaluation of students learning. So this book is proper for the philosophy of ethics in universities.

INTRODUCTION: about 20% to 30% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have metastatic disease at presentation. (1) In case of a solitary metastasis, resection of both lesions has demonstrated increased survival. (2) Therefore, once detected, resection is always advised if resectable. Traditionally, resection of solitary lung metastasis has been performed by way of standard lobectomy. Recently, such tumors have also been removed thoracoscopically. (3) Sometimes a laparoscopic APPROACH is less invasive than thoracoscopy, if the patients have either pulmonary disease or coincident renal mass, which are indicated to require an operation. Now pure laparoscopic techniques has also been used to treat coexisting pathologies. (4) We attempted to perform laparoscopic surgery to excise an INFERIOR solitary lung tumor and concomitant renal mass. This surgical procedure is herein presented. . . .

Purpose: To determine the anatomical location of the INFERIOR oblique (IO) rtluscle and any possible correlation between IO overaction and IO muscle mass.Methods: In this interventional case series, eyes undergoing primary surgery for IO overaction underwent measurement of the distance between IO muscle borders from the limbus as well as muscle belly circumference, intraoperatively.Results: Overall, 78 eyes of 51 patients with mean age of 18.3±12.3 (range 1-48) years were evaluated. Mean distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the 10 from limbus were 16.3±1.8 and 20.7±1.9 mm, respectively. Average muscle circumference was 10.7±0.9 (range 9-13) mm. There was no significant correlation between IO overaction and muscle belly circumference.Conclusion: Although knowledge about the anatomical location and muscle belly circumference of the IO muscle is important during surgery, there is no correlation between IO overaction and IO muscle mass.